If you want to get the details from another program, IFL are the way to go.
You can find more details from the Programmer’s guide.
PBS_IFL access from Python, if it helps.
If you are looking for Asynchronous job status notification, this feature is not available yet. See the thread for details:
Relying on PBS database for real time information will not help as jobs and other structures are not immediately saved to database due to operational costs. It is maintained in the program memory.