What are the benefits of enabling VNode？ I would be grateful for you if you could describe it briefly.
a node (or natural node) refers to the actual compute resource—a physical server, host, or virtual machine—managed by PBS and providing CPUs, memory, GPUs, and other hardware resources.
A vnode (virtual node), on the other hand, is a logical subdivision of that node used for scheduling. A single physical node can be split into multiple vnodes (e.g., node[0], node[1]), each representing a portion of the total resources. When NUMA awareness is enabled, PBS can automatically align vnodes with hardware boundaries; for example, a dual-socket system can be exposed as two vnodes, each corresponding to one CPU socket.
The advantage of vnodes depends on the application workload. PBS provides the framework, but performance gains are workload-specific. Some applications benefit from Hyper-Threading, while others do not. Many HPC workloads achieve better performance when confined to cores within the same CPU socket due to improved memory locality and reduced cross-socket communication. By using vnodes, you can control placement more precisely, ensuring jobs run within a specific NUMA domain and thereby improving efficiency and predictability.